World Blood Donor Day
This is how you can help save the lives of three other people
Today, 14 June, is World Blood Donor Day. Half of the population will, at some point in their life, depend on a blood transfusion
Patricia Cabezuelo
One in two people in Spain will need extra blood at some point in their lives. This means that half of the population will be dependent on a transfusion at some point in time.
Traffic accidents, childbirth, transplants and surgeries of all kinds are just some of the situations in which we or one of our loved ones may find ourselves. And in all of them it is crucial that there is enough blood to cover the needs.

Every 3 seconds
someone needs blood
1 in 10
people admitted to a
hospital requires a transfusion
A donation of
450 ml
of blood can
save 3 lives

Every 3 seconds
someone needs blood
1 in 10
people admitted to a
hospital requires a transfusion
A donation of
450 ml
of blood can
save 3 lives

Every 3 seconds
someone needs blood
A donation of
450 ml
of blood can
save 3 lives
1 in 10
people admitted to a
hospital requires a transfusion

Every 3 seconds
someone needs blood
A donation of
450 ml
of blood can
save 3 lives
1 in 10
people admitted to a
hospital requires a transfusion
"In Spain, as in the rest of Europe, donation is an altruistic and voluntary act," explained Cristina Arbona, director of the Valencia region blood transfusion centre. "At the moment we are self-sufficient and do not need to depend on other countries, such as the United States, where donation is paid for and some have it as a means of subsistence, with all that this entails."
Here we are going to look more deeply into the donation process, how blood is obtained, what it is used for and how a transfusion centre works.
People with blood group O negative (O-) are the so-called universal donors because they are compatible with everyone, but transfusion centres insist: "All groups are necessary. If we have a B+ patient, the best thing to do is to give them their own group: B+."
In Spain, the majority of the population has 0+ and A+, so they are the most likely to have reserves of their blood group, while the minority groups are the most likely to require donations.

Distribution of blood groups in Spain
%
36,0
35,0
9,0
8,0
7,0
2,5
2,0
0,5
A+
O-
O+
A-
B-
B+
AB-
AB+

Distribution of blood groups in Spain
%
36,0
35,0
9,0
8,0
7,0
2,0
2,5
0,5
A+
O-
O+
A-
B-
B+
AB-
AB+

Distribution of blood groups in Spain
%
36,0
35,0
8,0
9,0
7,0
2,5
2,0
0,5
A+
O-
O+
A-
B-
B+
AB-
AB+

Distribution of blood groups in Spain
%
36,0
35,0
8,0
9,0
7,0
2,5
2,0
0,5
A+
O-
O+
A-
B-
B+
AB-
AB+
Whatever your blood type, blood has the same essential components and all of them are used to save lives.

Components of blood
Sangre centrifugada:
55%
Plasma
ProteĆnas
7%
albĆŗmina, 57%; globulinas, 38%;
fibrinógeno, 4%; protrombina, 1%
Agua
91%
Otros solutos
2%
nutrientes, desechos, iones, gases,
sustancias reguladoras
45%
Elementos formes
Glóbulos rojos
98%
eritrocitos ó hematĆes
Góbulos blancos
1%
leucocitos
Plaquetas
1%
trombocitos

Components of blood
Sangre centrifugada:
55%
Plasma
ProteĆnas
7%
albĆŗmina, 57%; globulinas, 38%;
fibrinógeno, 4%; protrombina, 1%
Agua
91%
Otros solutos
2%
nutrientes, desechos, iones, gases,
sustancias reguladoras
45%
Elementos formes
Glóbulos rojos
98%
eritrocitos ó hematĆes
Góbulos blancos
1%
leucocitos
Plaquetas
1%
trombocitos

Components of blood
Sangre centrifugada:
55%
Plasma
7%
91%
2%
albĆŗmina, 57%; globulinas, 38%;
fibrinógeno, 4%; protrombina, 1%
ProteĆnas
Agua
Otros solutos
nutrientes, desechos, iones, gases,sustancias reguladoras
45%
Elementos formes
Glóbulos rojos
Góbulos blancos
Plaquetas
eritrocitos ó hematĆes
leucocitos
trombocitos
98%
1%
1%

Components of blood
Sangre centrifugada:
55%
Plasma
albĆŗmina, 57%; globulinas, 38%;
fibrinógeno, 4%; protrombina, 1%
ProteĆnas
Agua
Otros solutos
7%
91%
2%
nutrientes, desechos, iones, gases,sustancias reguladoras
45%
Elementos formes
Glóbulos rojos
Góbulos blancos
Plaquetas
eritrocitos ó hematĆes
leucocitos
trombocitos
98%
1%
1%
There are two types of donations, traditional and apheresis. In traditional donation, 450 ml of blood is collected from the donor and divided in the laboratory into red blood cell concentrate, plasma and platelets. Each of these components has different conditions and conservation needs. In addition, each has a different use.

From 1 donation of
450 ml
you can extract
Concentrado de glóbulos rojos
Llevan el oxĆgeno de los pulmones a todo el organismo y lo mantienen vivo
CONSERVACIĆN
2 a 6ĀŗC
DURACIĆN
42 dĆas
PACIENTES CON
Anemia crónica cirrosis
Quimioterapia
Pérdidas crónicas
Grandes hemorragias partos, accidentes
de trĆ”fico, cirugĆas complicadas, etc
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
6-8
OPERACIĆN DE CADERA
PARTO COMPLICADO
4-6
ACCIDENTE DE TRĆFICO
20-30
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
20
30
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
50
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
Plaquetas
Las primeras células que hacen tapón ante una hemorragia y evitan que se sangre espontÔneamente
CONSERVACIĆN
Temperatura
ambiente
DURACIĆN
5-7 dĆas
PACIENTES CON
Para trasfundir una unidad de plaquetas a un paciente se necesitan 4 o 5 donaciones
Sepsis graves
Leucemia
Hemorragias masivas
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
hasta 20
ENFERMOS DE LEUCEMIA
20
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
100
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
200
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
Plasma
Es agua fundamentalmente con proteĆnas que tienen muchas funciones
CONSERVACIĆN
-30ĀŗC
DURACIĆN
2-3 aƱos
PACIENTES CON
Se usa poco transfundido, alrededor del 8% del que se extrae. Lo que se hace con el resto, te lo contamos mƔs abajo
Alteraciones
de coagulación
CirugĆas
complicadas
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
6-8
ENFERMOS DE HĆGADO
10-20
CIRUGĆAS COMPLICADAS
hasta 100
ENFERMEDADES RARAS
20
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
40
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO

From 1 donation of
450 ml
you can extract
Concentrado de glóbulos rojos
Llevan el oxĆgeno de los pulmones a todo el organismo y lo mantienen vivo
CONSERVACIĆN
2 a 6ĀŗC
DURACIĆN
42 dĆas
PACIENTES CON
Anemia crónica cirrosis
Quimioterapia
Pérdidas crónicas
Grandes hemorragias partos, accidentes
de trĆ”fico, cirugĆas complicadas, etc
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
6-8
OPERACIĆN DE CADERA
PARTO COMPLICADO
4-6
ACCIDENTE DE TRĆFICO
20-30
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
20
30
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
50
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
Plaquetas
Las primeras células que hacen tapón ante una hemorragia y evitan que se sangre espontÔneamente
CONSERVACIĆN
Temperatura
ambiente
DURACIĆN
5-7 dĆas
PACIENTES CON
Para trasfundir una unidad de plaquetas a un paciente se necesitan 4 o 5 donaciones
Sepsis graves
Leucemia
Hemorragias masivas
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
hasta 20
ENFERMOS DE LEUCEMIA
20
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
100
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
200
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
Plasma
Es agua fundamentalmente con proteĆnas que tienen muchas funciones
CONSERVACIĆN
-30ĀŗC
DURACIĆN
2-3 aƱos
PACIENTES CON
Se usa poco transfundido, alrededor del 8% del que se extrae. Lo que se hace con el resto, te lo contamos mƔs abajo
Alteraciones
de coagulación
CirugĆas
complicadas
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
6-8
ENFERMOS DE HĆGADO
10-20
CIRUGĆAS COMPLICADAS
hasta 100
ENFERMEDADES RARAS
20
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
40
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO

From 1 donation of
450 ml
you can extract
Concentrado de glóbulos rojos
Plaquetas
Llevan el oxĆgeno de los pulmones a todo el organismo y lo mantienen vivo
Las primeras células que hacen tapón ante una hemorragia y evitan que se sangre espontÔneamente
CONSERVACIĆN
CONSERVACIĆN
2 a 6ĀŗC
Temperatura
ambiente
DURACIĆN
DURACIĆN
42 dĆas
5-7 dĆas
PACIENTES CON
PACIENTES CON
Para trasfundir una unidad de plaquetas a un paciente se necesitan 4 o 5 donaciones
Anemia crónica cirrosis
Sepsis graves
Quimioterapia
Leucemia
Pérdidas crónicas
Hemorragias masivas
Grandes hemorragias partos, accidentes
de trĆ”fico, cirugĆas complicadas, etc
CUĆNTA SE USA
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
Unidades
6-8
hasta 20
OPERACIĆN DE CADERA
ENFERMOS DE LEUCEMIA
20
PARTO COMPLICADO
4-6
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
ACCIDENTE DE TRĆFICO
100
20-30
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
200
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
20
30
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
50
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
Plasma
Es agua fundamentalmente con proteĆnas que tienen muchas funciones
CONSERVACIĆN
PACIENTES CON
-30ĀŗC
Alteraciones
de coagulación
CirugĆas
complicadas
DURACIĆN
2-3 aƱos
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
Se usa poco transfundido, alrededor del 8% del que se extrae. Lo que se hace con el resto, te lo contamos mƔs abajo
6-8
ENFERMOS DE HĆGADO
10-20
CIRUGĆAS COMPLICADAS
hasta 100
ENFERMEDADES RARAS
20
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
40
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO

From 1 donation of
450 ml
you can extract
Concentrado de glóbulos rojos
Plaquetas
Plasma
Llevan el oxĆgeno de los pulmones a todo el organismo y lo mantienen vivo
Las primeras células que hacen tapón ante una hemorragia y evitan que se sangre espontÔneamente
Es agua fundamentalmente con proteĆnas que tienen muchas funciones
CONSERVACIĆN
CONSERVACIĆN
CONSERVACIĆN
-30ĀŗC
2 a 6ĀŗC
Temperatura
ambiente
DURACIĆN
DURACIĆN
DURACIĆN
42 dĆas
5-7 dĆas
2-3 aƱos
PACIENTES CON
PACIENTES CON
PACIENTES CON
Para trasfundir una unidad de plaquetas a un paciente se necesitan 4 o 5 donaciones
Se usa poco transfundido, alrededor del 8% del que se extrae. Lo que se hace con el resto, te lo contamos mƔs abajo
Anemia crónica cirrosis
Sepsis graves
Alteraciones
de coagulación
Quimioterapia
Leucemia
Pérdidas crónicas
CirugĆas
complicadas
Hemorragias masivas
Grandes hemorragias partos, accidentes
de trĆ”fico, cirugĆas complicadas, etc
CUĆNTA SE USA
CUĆNTA SE USA
CUĆNTA SE USA
Unidades
Unidades
Unidades
6-8
hasta 20
6-8
OPERACIĆN DE CADERA
ENFERMOS DE HĆGADO
ENFERMOS DE LEUCEMIA
20
10-20
PARTO COMPLICADO
4-6
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
CIRUGĆAS COMPLICADAS
ACCIDENTE DE TRĆFICO
100
20-30
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
hasta 100
ENFERMEDADES RARAS
200
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
20
20
TRASPLANTE DE CORAZĆN
30
40
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
TRASPLANTE DE HĆGADO
50
TRASPLANTE DE MĆDULA
Faced with so much demand, is there enough blood? This is exactly the function of the transfusion centres. The director of the one in the Valencia region explained: "Our fundamental mission is to guarantee the supply of blood components and other substances of human origin to the different hospitals to cover the needs of patients and, above all, to do so with the maximum guarantees of quality and safety. For years we have had a very constant and very fluid donation. We have managed to ensure that donation is considered a natural act and this has allowed us to make donors aware of this and to make continuous and constant donations," concluded Cristina Arbona.
The figures prove it. The number of blood donations in Spain exceeded 1.7 million in 2021. This means that pre-pandemic levels have been recovered, when there was a slight drop of 5% associated with the postponement of non-urgent hospital interventions. Stability now dominates: "The calculation of our needs is based on what we distribute, and the day that amount does not come in, it is subtracted from the stock, so the next day we put mechanisms in place so that a little more comes in," said Dr Arbona.

Evolution of donors
En EspaƱa
1.720.402
1.632.447
2020
2021
Tasa por cada mil habitantes en 2021
MƔs de 40
De 35 a 40
De 30 a 34,9
Menos de 30
Asturias
40,56
Cast. y León
45,55
Extremadura
C. Valenciana
48,52
34,01

Evolution of donors
En EspaƱa
1.720.402
1.632.447
2020
2021
Tasa por cada mil habitantes en 2021
MƔs de 40
De 35 a 40
De 30 a 34,9
Menos de 30
Asturias
40,56
Cast. y León
45,55
C. Valenciana
Extremadura
34,01
48,52

Evolution of donors
En EspaƱa
Tasa por cada mil habitantes en 2021
1.720.402
MƔs de 40
De 35 a 40
1.632.447
De 30 a 34,9
Menos de 30
Asturias
40,56
Cast. y León
45,55
2020
2021
C. Valenciana
Extremadura
34,01
48,52

Evolution of donors
En EspaƱa
Tasa por cada mil habitantes en 2021
MƔs de 40
De 35 a 40
De 30 a 34,9
Menos de 30
Galicia
Asturias
Cantabria
PaĆs Vasco
1.720.402
39,56
40,56
39,08
39,41
Navarra
1.632.447
38,07
CataluƱa
37,02
Cast. y León
Aragón
45,55
34,38
Baleares
Madrid
29,89
36,41
C. Valenciana
Cast.-
La Mancha
Extrema-
dura
34,01
38,41
48,52
Murcia
AndalucĆa
32,96
35,02
Canarias
2020
2021
28,66
When fewer donations are collected than required, blood transfusion centres can call donors from their database to come forward to donate. These appeals are also made when the stock of a particular blood group is reduced.
There are also one-off campaigns such as today's World Blood Donor Day, whose motto this year is 'Donate blood, donate plasma, share life, share it often'. Plasma donation is essential as the demand for plasma has increased considerably in recent years. The proteins it contains, especially albumin and immunoglobulins, are increasingly present in drugs and therapies, so 92% of the plasma that is donated is given to pharmaceutical laboratories to be transformed and returned fractionated. The components are stored in hospital pharmacies to be administered to patients in need.
To meet this increased demand, which affects all European countries, transfusion centres are introducing apheresis donation. The donor is connected to a machine previously programmed to collect plasma or platelets. The blood passes through the machine and the machine picks up what has been programmed and returns the blood to the donor immediately.
In this way, instead of one unit of plasma, which is what is collected in a normal donation, up to four units can be collected and the donor recovers his or her levels much quicker than when donating whole blood.
This method of donation, like the traditional one, is totally safe: "Any donation goes through our centre and although scientifically it cannot be said that there is zero risk, it is very close to that value. We use molecular biology techniques, NAT techniques, capable of detecting a viral load of very few microlitres. The haemovigilance system has not detected a single transmission of disease per unit transfused in recent years," explain the transfusion centres, where different specialists analyse each donation with the latest techniques and scientific machinery.
You should know that the approximate time it takes to read this report is ten minutes, the same time it takes to make a donation that will be used to save lives. World Blood Donor Day, although it also serves to recruit new volunteers, aims to make visible the work of all those who already donate blood altruistically and regularly. Therefore, we can only add the words that are most often heard at the donation points: THANK YOU, DONORS.